带约束预制混凝土叠合板受火后抗弯性能的试验研究

进行带约束预制混凝土叠合板常温和受火后受弯性能的对比试验,研究升降温过程中截面温度场变化和不同受火时间自然冷却后极限荷载、初始弯曲刚度和延性系数的变化规律。结果表明：未受火预制混凝土叠合板和不同受火时间自然冷却后预制混凝土叠合板均发生弯曲破坏。带约束预制混凝土叠合板升温阶段截面温度场呈受火面温度高、背火面温度低的层状分布,降温阶段温度场呈内部温度高、外部温度低的圈状分布;随着受火时间增加,极限荷载和初始弯曲刚度均呈抛物线型下降;受火自然冷却后的残余挠度也明显增大。理论分析表明,经典塑形铰线理论适用于预制混凝土叠合板未受火试件和受火后试件极限荷载的计算;截面温度场和受火后极限荷载数值模拟结果均与试验结果吻合较好,可为预制混凝土叠合板的防火设计和火灾后鉴定评估提供依据。     

剪力滞对斜拉桥中Π形主梁弯曲刚度影响分析

按实际施工动态过程分析剪力滞对Π形结合梁斜拉桥中主梁弯曲刚度的影响。基于能量变分法引入简化的剪力滞翘曲位移函数,导出一种可以考虑剪力滞与Π形结合梁弯曲刚度耦合影响的实用梁单元。该方法每节点采用两个剪力滞自由度,可以处理斜拉桥中集中弯矩引起的剪力滞位移边界条件突变和施工动态过程中荷载和剪力滞位移边界条件不断变化的问题。结合某Π形结合梁斜拉桥进行数值分析并与实测数据比较,验证了本文方法的有效性与准确性。研究表明,剪力滞效应使斜拉桥中主梁的抗弯刚度减小,且在悬臂施工阶段比成桥阶段的影响更大;相对于简支箱梁和连续箱梁而言,剪力滞对Π形结合梁斜拉桥主梁弯曲刚度的影响相对小一些,在悬臂施工阶段其对中跨的影响约为2%~7%,对边跨的影响约为3%~12%。     

钢管混凝土复合桩横轴向承载特性离心模型试验研究

作为水域环境中桥梁桩基施工围堰结构,钢护筒得到越来越广泛的应用,钢护筒与钢筋混凝土桩形成钢管混凝土复合桩,其横轴向承载特性与普通钢筋混凝土桩存在巨大差异。针对水域环境中钢管混凝土复合桩的特点,选取钢管埋深和钢管挤土区土体模量两种研究变量,通过离心模型试验的方法研究了钢管混凝土复合桩的横轴向承载特性,得到了钢管混凝土复合桩的桩侧土抗力曲线、H-y曲线及桩身弯矩曲线。试验结果表明：钢管埋深在12cm范围内增大时,能明显提高钢管混凝土复合桩横轴向极限承载力,超过12cm后继续增大钢管埋深,钢管混凝土复合桩横轴向极限承载力仍继续增大,但增幅已不明显;钢管挤土区土体模量的增大能提高钢管混凝土复合桩横轴向极限承载力,但增幅度较小。研究成果将为钢管混凝土复合桩的设计与施工提供理论依据与技术保障。     

黄土地区长短组合桩的承载力及变形特性试验研究

黄土地区新型桩基问题研究匮乏,为了在黄土地区引入并推广长短组合桩基础,需深入研究该桩基的承载性状。研制了室内模型试验装置,在单桩、4根组合桩及8根组合桩工况下通过伺服加载系统对试验装置进行了加载,全面地分析了桩身承载力和变形特性。结果表明:桩身轴力和侧摩阻力的发挥具有异步性,长桩的破坏形式为刺入型破坏,但短桩不是很明显;在4根桩组合试验工况中,桩身承载力极限值与单桩略相等,桩侧摩阻力最大值出现的位置与单桩相比有所不同,长桩分担的荷载比例比短桩高;在8根桩组合试验工况中,在每级荷载作用下角桩的桩身荷载均比边桩、中心桩都大,与单桩承载力相比,其长桩(角桩、边桩)和短桩(中心桩)的桩身承载力及桩侧摩阻力均有显著的提高,角桩的桩顶荷载分担比略高于边桩。     

大型储罐CFG桩复合地基变形性状和变刚度调平设计

大型储罐对地基的承载力要求高,对不均匀沉降量有严格限定,天然地基不能满足要求,需要进行地基处理。通过现场试验和数值分析相结合的手段研究了大型储罐CFG桩复合地基的变形性状,揭示了大型储罐CFG桩复合地基的沉降呈内大外小的碟形分布,距储罐地基中心0.7R(半径)范围内沉降值较大且变化幅度不大(约为20%),定义为储罐地基沉降核心区,影响沉降最主要的因素是CFG桩的桩长,在此基础上提出大型储罐复合地基空间变刚度调平设计方法,即增加沉降核心区的地基刚度或同时减小沉降非核心区的地基刚度,以有效减小储罐地基的差异沉降,改善储罐结构的受力状态。     

Rural Migrants’ Residential Mobility: Housing and Locational Outcomes of Forced Moves in China

This paper analyses the residential mobility of China’s rural–urban migrants in light of evidence from Yangzhou, a medium-sized city in Jiangsu province. To evaluate the effects of forced moves induced by demolition-led redevelopment, these outcomes are compared to those of voluntary moves. The evaluation is specifically concerned with dwelling attributes and location characteristics. Dwelling attributes consist of tenure and housing facilities, while commuting distance, distance to the city centre and the length of a child’s trip to school comprise the location characteristics. Logistic regression of data from a 2012–2013 survey shows that a voluntary relocation and the intention to move prior to notification of intended demolition are likely to result in positive outcomes. The migrants’ relocation strategy involves making a trade-off between better dwelling attributes and a better location. When housing improvement is their major concern, they tend to move to peripheral areas. However, it seems that children’s educational opportunities are being factored into the trade-off. In that case, migrants purchase an apartment in a specific school district or at least move closer to it. For the sake of their children, they relegate other motives to second place.     

Seismic behavior of tall buildings using steel–concrete composite columns and shear walls

For the seismic design of tall building structures, the behavior under severe earthquakes should be carefully considered and the upper limit of inter‐story deformations are often defined by the design codes. To improve the performance of structures under severe earthquakes, composite structural members, including steel reinforced column and steel plate reinforced shear wall, are often adopted. In the present work, the seismic behavior of tall buildings using steel–concrete composite columns and shear walls is investigated numerically. Fiber beam–column element models and multilayer shell models are adopted to establish the finite element model of structure, and the material nonlinearities are described by the plasticity and damage models. The accuracy of the developed models is verified by the experimental results of a single shear wall. Systematic numerical simulations are performed for the tall building structures subjected to different earthquakes. The comparative study indicates that the nonlinear redistribution of internal forces plays a very important role for the performance of tall buildings under severe earthquakes.     

Calibration of viscoelastic parameters by means of transients in a branched water pipeline system

In this paper, different arrangements of Kelvin–Voigt elements are implemented in an admittance matrix model to investigate the transient modeling of water distribution systems. The viscoelastic parameters are calibrated by experimental data acquired during a transient in a branched system of three HDPE pipes at the Water Engineering Laboratory of the University of Perugia, Italy. The dependence of the viscoelastic parameters on the branch characteristic time is investigated. Models with a single set of elements for all branches are compared with models with different sets of elements for each branch. When the same number of parameters is used, the former perform better than the latter. No evident correlation is found between the retardation times of the viscoelastic parameters and the branch characteristic times. The use of two measurement sections instead of one does not modify the calibration results significantly.     

新型混凝土-碎石串联组合桩承载力计算

针对碎石桩容易在桩顶1～3倍桩径高度范围内发生鼓胀破坏现象,提出一种新型碎石桩复合地基:混凝土-碎石散体材料串联组合桩复合地基,并阐述了该新型复合地基的施工工艺。基于计算深基础承载力Meyerhof法,采用多滑块破坏模型,建立了混凝土-碎石散体材料串联组合桩深层鼓胀破坏计算模型,通过随机优化算法寻找临界滑动面,计算得到其单桩极限承载力。将该新型组合桩的承载力理论计算值与数值仿真计算结果、传统碎石桩承载力试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:提出的多滑块解析计算方法准确性较好;新型桩的承载力比传统碎石桩承载力有了明显提高,相较于传统碎石桩,新型组合桩在混凝土桩段长度1 m时承载力计算值提高了32.76%,在混凝土桩段长度2 m时,承载力计算值提高了54.74%。     

Co-creation,prevailing streams and a future design trajectory

Co-creation as a concept has won terrain over the past 10 years. In practice as well as in literature, co-creation is climbing the agenda in relation to contemporary opportunities and challenges within management, organisation design and change initiatives. This paper aims to build an overview of the literature on co-creation to explore what the existing literature relates to and indeed to pinpoint if any patterns or streams can be identified. The paper illustrates how the use of the concept of co-creation suggests a necessity for focusing further on specific co-creation-related issues and challenges of significance to business and society. The paper highlights new co-creation-related issues and challenges. Further, the paper crystallises an emerging design trajectory in theory and practice.